CS代考计算机代写 AI PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint Presentation

Semantic Networks

Semantic Networks
Generate and Test
Problem Reduction
Means-Ends Analysis
Fundamentals
Production Systems

Lesson Preview

Knowledge representations

Semantic networks

Problem-solving with semantic networks

Represent & Reason

?

A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6

inside
above
above
above
unchanged
expanded
deleted
A
B
z
x
y
x
y
z
x
y
z
x
y

v
u
inside
v
u
unchanged
deleted

v
u
v

inside
above
above
above
unchanged
unchanged
deleted
The relationships between the pieces and the transformations between the frames.

C
5
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s

inside
above
above
above
unchanged
expanded
deleted
A
B
z
x
y
x
y
z
x
y
z
x
y

Structure of Semantic Networks

Lexically: nodes

Structurally: directional links

Semantically: application-specific labels
x
y
z
inside
above
above
x
y
z
above
unchanged
expanded
deleted

Characteristics of Good Representations

Make relationships explicit

Expose natural constraints

Bring objects and relations together

Exclude extraneous details

Transparent, concise, complete, fast, computable

Guards & Prisoners Problem

Also known by other names (cannibals and missionaries, jealous husbands, brothers and sisters).

Originally appeared in the 1200-year-old text Propositiones ad Acuendos Juvenes.

Used by throughout AI for problem representation.

Guards & Prisoners Problem

Three guards and three prisoners must cross river.

Boat may take only one or two people at a time.

Prisoners may never outnumber guards on either coast, though prisoners may be alone on either coast).



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⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
Exercise: How many moves does it take to move everyone to the other side?
11

x
y
z
inside
above
above
x
y
z
above
unchanged
expanded
deleted
inside
above
above
above
unchanged
unchanged
deleted

x
y
z
x
y

A
B
C
5
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s

expanded
unchanged
x
y
z
inside
above
above
x
y
z
above
unchanged
deleted

x
y
z
x
y
A
B
inside
above
above
above
unchanged
deleted

C
5
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s

inside
above
above
above
unchanged
deleted

C
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
t
r

2
s
expanded
Is this the right answer to the problem? ο Yes ο No
x
y
z
inside
above
above
x
y
z
above
unchanged
expanded
deleted

x
y
z
x
y
A
B

x
y
z
inside
above
above
x
y
z
above
unchanged
deleted
inside
above
above
above
unchanged
deleted

x
y
z
x
y
A
B
expanded
expanded
Is this the right answer to the problem? ο Yes ο No

C
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
t
r

2
s

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο

Transformation #1

Transformation #2
p
q
p
p
A
B
A
B
q
q
p
q
inside
q
unchanged
+5
p
deleted
+1
p
q
inside
q
deleted
+1
p
expanded
+2
Similarity Weights
5 points Unchanged
4 points Reflected
3 points Rotated
2 points Scaled
1 points Deleted
0 points Shape Changed

Similarity:
6 points
Similarity:
3 points

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
Similarity Weights
5 points Unchanged
4 points Reflected
3 points Rotated
2 points Scaled
1 points Deleted
0 points Shape Changed

Assignment

How would you use semantic networks to design an agent that can answer Raven’s Progressive Matrices?

To recap…

Representations

Semantic networks

Represent & Reason

Weights with Represent & Reason

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
What is the answer to this problem?

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
What is the answer to this problem?

q
q
q
q
q
q
reflected
q
q
rotated
cost: 1
cost: 2
A
B
A
B
Horizontal Reflection
180° Rotation

q
q
q
q
q
q
reflected
q
q
rotated
cost: 1
cost: 2
6
C
2
Horizontal Reflection
180° Rotation

C
What would the answer be? ο 2 ο 6

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο

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CS代考计算机代写 AI PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint Presentation

Semantic Networks

Semantic Networks
Generate and Test
Problem Reduction
Means-Ends Analysis
Fundamentals
Production Systems

Lesson Preview

Knowledge representations

Semantic networks

Problem-solving with semantic networks

Represent & Reason

?

A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6

inside
above
above
above
unchanged
expanded
deleted
A
B
z
x
y
x
y
z
x
y
z
x
y

v
u
inside
v
u
unchanged
deleted

v
u
v

inside
above
above
above
unchanged
unchanged
deleted
The relationships between the pieces and the transformations between the frames.

C
5
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s

inside
above
above
above
unchanged
expanded
deleted
A
B
z
x
y
x
y
z
x
y
z
x
y

Structure of Semantic Networks

Lexically: nodes

Structurally: directional links

Semantically: application-specific labels
x
y
z
inside
above
above
x
y
z
above
unchanged
expanded
deleted

Characteristics of Good Representations

Make relationships explicit

Expose natural constraints

Bring objects and relations together

Exclude extraneous details

Transparent, concise, complete, fast, computable

Guards & Prisoners Problem

Also known by other names (cannibals and missionaries, jealous husbands, brothers and sisters).

Originally appeared in the 1200-year-old text Propositiones ad Acuendos Juvenes.

Used by throughout AI for problem representation.

Guards & Prisoners Problem

Three guards and three prisoners must cross river.

Boat may take only one or two people at a time.

Prisoners may never outnumber guards on either coast, though prisoners may be alone on either coast).



⛵



⛵



































⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵











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
















⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
















⛵
⛵
⛵



















⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
















⛵
⛵
⛵





⛵




⛵





⛵





⛵


















⛵
⛵
⛵





⛵




⛵





⛵





⛵


















⛵
⛵
⛵





⛵





⛵









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



















⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
⛵
Exercise: How many moves does it take to move everyone to the other side?
11

x
y
z
inside
above
above
x
y
z
above
unchanged
expanded
deleted
inside
above
above
above
unchanged
unchanged
deleted

x
y
z
x
y

A
B
C
5
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s

expanded
unchanged
x
y
z
inside
above
above
x
y
z
above
unchanged
deleted

x
y
z
x
y
A
B
inside
above
above
above
unchanged
deleted

C
5
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s

inside
above
above
above
unchanged
deleted

C
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
t
r

2
s
expanded
Is this the right answer to the problem? ο Yes ο No
x
y
z
inside
above
above
x
y
z
above
unchanged
expanded
deleted

x
y
z
x
y
A
B

x
y
z
inside
above
above
x
y
z
above
unchanged
deleted
inside
above
above
above
unchanged
deleted

x
y
z
x
y
A
B
expanded
expanded
Is this the right answer to the problem? ο Yes ο No

C
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
t
r

2
s

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο

Transformation #1

Transformation #2
p
q
p
p
A
B
A
B
q
q
p
q
inside
q
unchanged
+5
p
deleted
+1
p
q
inside
q
deleted
+1
p
expanded
+2
Similarity Weights
5 points Unchanged
4 points Reflected
3 points Rotated
2 points Scaled
1 points Deleted
0 points Shape Changed

Similarity:
6 points
Similarity:
3 points

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
Similarity Weights
5 points Unchanged
4 points Reflected
3 points Rotated
2 points Scaled
1 points Deleted
0 points Shape Changed

Assignment

How would you use semantic networks to design an agent that can answer Raven’s Progressive Matrices?

To recap…

Representations

Semantic networks

Represent & Reason

Weights with Represent & Reason

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
What is the answer to this problem?

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
What is the answer to this problem?

q
q
q
q
q
q
reflected
q
q
rotated
cost: 1
cost: 2
A
B
A
B
Horizontal Reflection
180° Rotation

q
q
q
q
q
q
reflected
q
q
rotated
cost: 1
cost: 2
6
C
2
Horizontal Reflection
180° Rotation

C
What would the answer be? ο 2 ο 6

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο

?
A
B
C
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο

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